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The big advantage biological manufacturing holds over abiotic manufacturing is the remarkable ability of natural and engineered microbes to transform very simple starting substrates, such as carbon dioxide, water biomass or minerals, into materials that astronauts on long-term missions will need. App.

Adv Sp Res 12:167–192, Godia F, Albiol J, Montesinos J, Pérez J (2002) MELISSA: a loop of interconnected bioreactors to develop life support in space.

doi: Wang HH, Isaacs FJ, Carr PA et al (2009) Programming cells by multiplex genome engineering and accelerated evolution. However, all organisms we currently know have evolved on Earth and most extraterrestrial environments stress the capabilities of even terrestrial extremophiles.

Part of Springer Nature.

ACS Synth Biol 1:491–492, Lehto K, Kanervo E, Stahle K, Lehto H (2007) Photosynthetic life support systems in the Martian conditions. Humana Press, New York, pp 517–565, Nicholson WL, Fajardo-Cavazos P, Fedenko J et al (2010) Exploring the low-pressure growth limit: evolution of, Nicholson WL, Krivushin K, Gilichinsky D, Schuerger AC (2013) Growth of, Niederholtmeyer H, Wolfstädter BT, Savage DF et al (2010) Engineering cyanobacteria to synthesize and export hydrophilic products. Risk Anal 27:1335–1344, McKay CP, Davis WL (1989) Planetary protection issues in advance of human exploration of mars. The main objective of Space Biology research is to build a better understanding of how spaceflight affects living systems in spacecraft such as the International Space Station (ISS), or in ground-based experiments, and to prepare for future human exploration missions far from Earth. Adv Space Res 31:2389–2401, Horneck G, Facius R, Reichert M et al (2006) HUMEX, a study on the survivability and adaptation of humans to long-duration exploratory missions, part II: missions to mars. NASA is also exploring synthetic biology to convert carbon dioxide to valuable organic materials on Mars and in deep space, since crude oil and other carbon sources will not be readily available.

(Photo courtesy of NASA). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 91:471–490, Race M, Denning K, Bertka CM et al (2012) Astrobiology and society: building an interdisciplinary research community. Among the technological issues to be tackled is the need to provide the consumables required to sustain crews, and using biological systems for the on-site production of resources is an attractive approach. Adv Sp Res 44:1392–1403, Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (2010) New directions: the ethics of synthetic biology and emerging technologies.

Wired, Teaching Machines to Detect Climate Extremes Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world’s most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. League City, Texas, 26–20 Apr 2010, Dahlgren R, Shoji S, Nanzyo M (1993) Mineralogical characteristics of volcanic ash soils.

Adv Sp Res 14:271–280, Brown II (2008a) Cyanobacteria to link closed ecological systems and in-situ resources utilization processes. XXXIX, League City, Texas, 10–14 Mar 2008, Brown II, Garrison DH, Jones JA et al (2008) The development and perspectives of bio-ISRU. This capability should prove especially useful for future extraterrestrial settlements. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. In: AGU fall meeting abstracts, San Francisco, California, 9–13 Dec 2013, p 597, Graham JM (2004) The biological terraforming of mars: planetary ecosynthesis as ecological succession on a global scale.

Final report to the NATO Office for Information and Press, Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale, Rome, Italy, Poughon L, Farges B, Dussap CG et al (2009) Simulation of the MELiSSA closed loop system as a tool to define its integration strategy. Valuable information can be found on a range of life sciences fields including bacteriology, biochemistry, bionics, bioinformatics, biophysics, biotechnology, genetics, geobotany, human biology, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology, cellular biology, zoology, bioinorganic chemistry, microchemistry and environmental chemistry.
Ad Astra 18:24, Hallenbeck PC (2012) Microbial technologies in advanced biofuels production. Springer, New York, Harris DR, Pollock SV, Wood EA et al (2009) Directed evolution of ionizing radiation resistance in, Harrison JP, Gheeraert N, Tsigelnitskiy D, Cockell CS (2013) The limits for life under multiple extremes. In: LPI Contrib. Planet Space Sci 59:264–270, Kurahashi-Nakamura T, Tajika E (2006) Atmospheric collapse and transport of carbon dioxide into the subsurface on early Mars.

US Pat. Arai M, Tomita-Yokotani K, Sato S et al (2008) Growth of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Baqué M, de Vera J-P, Rettberg P, Billi D (2013) The BOSS and BIOMEX space experiments on the EXPOSE-R2 mission: endurance of the desert cyanobacterium, Baum SD (2010) Is humanity doomed? Astrobiology 1:89–110, Menezes AA, Cumbers J, Hogan JA, Arkin AP (2014) Towards synthetic biological approaches to resource utilization on space missions. Most of the current technologies now deployed or under development for providing this support are abiotic, meaning non-biological. Int J Astrobiol 13:35–44, de Vera J-P, Schulze-Makuch D, Khan A et al (2014) Adaptation of an antarctic lichen to Martian niche conditions can occur within 34 days. In: Wang LK, Ivanov V, Tay J-H, Hung Y-T (eds) Environmental biotechnology. In addition, microbes could also completely replenish expired or irradiated stocks of pharmaceuticals, which would provide independence from unmanned re-supply spacecraft that take up to 210 days to arrive. Trends Biotechnol 29:95–103, Dykhuizen DE (1993) Chemostats used for studying natural selection and adaptive evolution.

Free Press, New York, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, NASA Ames Research Center, Earth Sciences Division, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21088-9_4, Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment.

Taylor and Francis, London, Gitelson J (1992) Biological life-support systems for mars mission. Trends Microbiol 18:308–314, Cockell CS (2011) Synthetic geomicrobiology: engineering microbe–mineral interactions for space exploration and settlement.

“The mineral and carbon composition of other celestial bodies is different from the bulk of Earth, but the earth is diverse with many extreme environments that have some relationship to those that might be found at possible bases on the Moon or Mars,” Arkin says.

Founded in 1931, Berkeley Lab’s scientific expertise has been recognized with 13 Nobel prizes. Methods Enzymol 224:613–631, Elena SF, Lenski RE (2003) Evolution experiments with microorganisms: the dynamics and genetic bases of adaptation.

“Abiotic technologies were developed for many, many decades before they were successfully utilized in space, so of course biological technologies have some catching-up to do. “At an extraterrestrial base, synthetic biology could make even more effective use of the catalytic activities of diverse organisms.”. They used…, Scientists have created synthetic soft surfaces with tongue-like textures for the first time using 3D printing, opening new possibilities for testing oral processing properties of food, nutritional technologies, pharmaceutics and…, Increasingly, biologists are turning to computational modeling to make sense of complex systems.

The paper is titled “Towards Synthetic Biological Approaches to Resource Utilization on Space Missions.” The lead and corresponding author is Amor Menezes, a postdoctoral scholar in Arkin’s research group at the University of California (UC) Berkeley. Pavement Technology Could Cool Cities From the Ground Up Planet Space Sci 98:182–190, DeVincenzi DL (1992) Planetary protection issues and the future exploration of Mars.

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