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Geography – Mostly mountainous, lowlands to north and east. In 1878, Russia forced Turkey to give Bulgaria its independence after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). However, they couldn’t defeat the powerful Ottoman Empire. In the years since then, Bulgaria has become much more stable, but it’s still one of Europe’s poorest countries. It receives a little less than 30 inches of rain each year, with more rain falling in the mountains and less on the coast. Animal bones carved with man-made markingshave been discovered in the Korarnika cave that are assumed to be some of the earliest examples of humans’ symbolic behavior. State Dept. The Bulgarians supported Germany during World War I and lost. The country has long summer season with lovely seaside resorts, where holiday makers can enjoy fine golden sand and crystal blue sea water, yet it also offers busy winter resorts with many ski runs and fantastic snow coverage. Moreover, in 1976, UNESCO declared the ancient Bulgarian calendar as the most accurate in the world. In the First Balkan War (1912–1913), Bulgaria and the other members of the Balkan League fought against Turkey to regain Balkan territory. Page with information and facts about Bulgaria. The Bulgars twice conquered most of the Balkan peninsula between 893 and 1280. ): Sofia, 1.174 million, Languages: Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Roma 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% (2011 est. Roadways: total: 19,512 km; paved: 19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways); unpaved 277 km (2011). 37. He represents the party Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria. They were incorporated into the Roman Empire by the first century A.D. At the decline of the empire, the Goths, Huns, Bulgars, and Avars invaded. Real growth rate: 0.5%. Bulgaria has hot summers and long, cold winters. Bulgaria occupies a portion of the eastern Balkan peninsula, bordering five countries—Greece and Turkey to the south, North Macedonia and Serbia to the west, and Romania to the north. Bulgarians often start their meals with fresh salads, and these salads rarely include lettuce. Learn more about the mythic conflict between the Argives and the Trojans. Basic Bulgaria Facts. Waterways: 470 km (2009). Monetary Unit – Bulgarian Lev. A former Socialist party member, Bliznashki was kicked out of the party when he publicly supported an anti-government Sofia University student occupation earlier in 2014. The Hamangia, Vinča, Varna cultures were all prehistoric societies organized and living in Bulgarian lands. A Soviet-style People's Republic was established in 1947 and Bulgaria acquired the reputation of being the most slavishly loyal to Moscow of all the East European Communist countries. This happened in 681 AD. The country’s top agricultural products include wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, potatoes, sunflower seeds, grapes, and livestock. Bulgaria facts for Kids. Government . Two mountain ranges and two great valleys mark the topography of Bulgaria, a country the size of Tennessee and situated on the Black Sea. Imports: $32.88 billion (2013 est. The population … During general elections in July 2009, the centre-right GERB party led by Boyko Borisov prevailed, defeating incumbent Sergei Stanishev, who had failed to crack down on corruption and organized crime during his four years in office. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. ): 6,924,716 (growth rate: –0.83%); birth rate: 8.92/1000; infant mortality rate: 15.08/1000; life expectancy: 74.33, Capital and largest city (2011 est. Law professor Georgi Bliznashki was named interim prime minster until the next election. Broadcast media: Four national terrestrial television stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately-owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010). Check our encyclopedia for a gloss on thousands of topics from biographies to the table of elements. The nation has a colorful culture of costumes, crafts, and traditional music and dance. The country’s population is primarily Bulgarian (about 84%) with a variety of others ethnicities comprising the balance (Turk, Roma and others). Quick Facts about Bulgaria. After World War II, Bulgaria came under Communist rule and was a satellite of the Soviet Union (what is now Russia). Bulgaria is a wonderful country with rich historical and cultural heritage, that has become quite an attractive place for the travelers in the recent years. Just a year after the election, Prime Minister Plamen Oresharski resigned his cabinet in July 2014. But in 1396 they were invaded by the Ottoman Empire, which made Bulgaria a Turkish province until 1878. Language – Bulgarian, Turkish, Roma. ): machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials. Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land. Every year on March 1, Bulgarians give each other martenitsas, little crafts made of red and white yarn that are supposed to bring happiness and good health. Exports: $27.9 billion (2013 est. 1913) against Turkey as well as its former allies. Bulgaria is located on the eastern part of the Balkan peninsula, where it borders the Black Sea. Oresharski was backed by the Socialist Party and a majority ethnic Turkish party, the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. Eventually, everyone gathers in the town square for music, dancing, and food. Bulgaria is ranked 77th in the world in terms of wealth. The lowlands of southeastern Bulgaria, called the Maritsa Basin, are drained by several small rivers that lead to the Black Sea. Also during the summer of 2014, Bulgaria's fourth largest lender, Corporate Commercial Bank, was shutdown pending a full audit ordered by the central bank. In the years that followed, Bulgaria became part of the Byzantine Empire and then the Turkish Ottoman Empire. It is governed by a president, prime minister, Parliament, and Council of Ministers. Airports: 68 (2013). The Balkan Mountains pass through the center of the country, while the Rhodope Mountains are located along the southern border with Greece. ): clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels. Under the new Socialist leaders, Bulgaria’s economy struggled badly. Bulgaria, State of the Eastern Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe; 110,994 km 2, 7 million residents (2019).Bulgaria borders in the north to Romania, in the south to Turkey and Greece and in the west to northern Macedonia and Serbia and has coast to the Black Sea to the east.The capital is Sofia (1.2 million residents, 2017). His government followed. Infoplease is a reference and learning site, combining the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas and several almanacs loaded with facts. Bulgaria shares borders with Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, Greece, and Turkey. All Rights Reserved. A severe energy shortage for several weeks in January 2009 was caused by the Russian-Ukrainian gas dispute and created widespread anger towards government energy policies. In June 2005 general elections, no party received a clear majority, and a coalition government was formed with Socialist Party leader Sergei Stanishev as the new prime minister. The majority of Bulgaria’s citizens speak Bulgarian, a language that uses the Cyrillic alphabet. 2. On July 23, 2008, the European commission suspended about 500 million euros of EU aid to Bulgaria due to suspicion of organized crime and corruption. Bulgaria is the oldest country in Europe that has never changed its name since it was first established (in 681 AD). He was also accused of racism, xenophobia, and threatening journalists. The Balkani Wildlife Society is monitoring 13 mammal species including the red squirrel, European and Dobrudja hamster, lesser mole rat, wolf, jackal, pine marten, otter, wildcat, and red deer. Popular dishes include kufte (spicy ground beef and pork formed into grilled patties), banitsa (pastries stuffed with meats and cheeses), and Shopska (the traditional Bulgarian salad of diced onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, and parsley. In 2005, the EU approved its membership for 2007, subject to the implementation of reforms, especially the cleaning up of corruption and organized crime. This happened in 681 AD. Some of the most fabulous rock formations in Bulgaria are: Bulgaria’s currency is the Bulgarian lev. Among the other travel destinations that catch the attention of the travelers are the old capital Veliko Tarnovo with its Tsarevets castle, the old capital town of Vidin near Danube River, the artistic town of Plovdiv, and of course the cultural, financial and educational center of the country – Sofia city. Parliamentary democracy. After early legislative elections held on May 12, 2013, proved inconclusive, the Bulgarian parliament narrowly voted in Plamen Oresharski, a former finance minister who was not party-affiliated, as prime minister. As a result, the UDF lost the July 2001 election to the former king of Bulgaria, leader of the Simeon II National Movement (SNM). Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. Population: 7,576,751 Location: Bulgaria borders five countries and the Black … Size – 110,910 km². The oldest gold treasure in the world has been found on the territory of Bulgaria, at a burial site to … Bulgaria lost the war and all the territory it had gained in the First Balkan War. Bulgaria is home to about 170 plant species that are found nowhere else in the world, including species of tulips, a buttercup, a cornflower, and a baby’s breath. Early in the history of the area that is now Bulgaria, the land was settled by the Thracians. Transportation: Railways: total: 4,152 km (22011009). It might take some time for visitors from other countries to grow accustomed to, but in Bulgaria, the people shake their head for “yes” and nod their head for “no”, opposite of many other cultures. ); per capita $14,400. The new prime minister, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Simeon II), had been dethroned 55 years earlier (at age nine) during the Communist takeover of the country. To celebrate New Year’s Day in Bulgaria, dancing men dressed in costumes made of goat hair and wooden ram masks wake residents very early. In 1989, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Communist leaders allowed the country to elect leaders of their own choosing. The Bulgars, who crossed the Danube from the north in 679, took control of the region. Infoplease knows the value of having sources you can trust. Alexander was succeeded in 1887 by Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who declared a kingdom independent of the Ottoman Empire on Oct. 5, 1908. Region – Eastern Europe. Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 2.253 million (2012); mobile cellular: 10.78 million (2012). The Maritsa is Bulgaria's principal river, the Danube also flows through the country. Infoplease is part of the FEN Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students.

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