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The Chandra telescope system consists of four pairs of mirrors and their support structure. Mirror Assembly: Ang.

hyperboloid mirrors, 6 reaction wheel control 2 inertial reference units, 0.25 arcsec (RMS) radius over 95% of all 10 second The SIM contains mechanisms to move the science instruments in and out of the focal plane, insulation for thermal control, and electronics to control the operation of the science instruments via the communication, command and data management systems of the spacecraft. Then they were coated with the highly reflective rare metal, iridium. The most powerful optical

These events give off X-rays, which are a highly energized form of light that cannot be seen by human eyes. The (HRC) is especially useful for imaging hot matter in remnants of exploded stars, and in distant galaxies and clusters of galaxies, and for identifying very faint sources. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Phone: 617.496.7941 Fax: 617.495.7356 The primary components of the (HRC) are two Micro-Channel Plates (MCP). (A grating is able to diffract because it has a regularly spaced pattern. As the CD is tilted through different angles, different colors come into view.). With this information astronomers can construct a finely detailed map of a cosmic X-ray source. Another of NASAs incredible time machines, the Chandra X-ray Observatory will be able to study some quasars as they were 10 billion years ago. answer fundamental questions about the origin, evolution, and spectral resolution of 60-1000 over energy range 0.4 - It is the instrument of choice for studying temperature variations across X-ray sources such as vast clouds of hot gas in intergalactic space, or chemical variations across clouds left by supernova explosions. These gratings diffract the intercepted X-rays, changing their direction by amounts that depend sensitively on the X-ray energy, much like a prism separates light into its component colors. Stability: Pointing These electrons are accelerated down the tube by a high voltage, releasing more electrons as they bounce off the sides of the tube. The High Resolution Camera (HRC) is one of two instruments used at the focus of Chandra, where it detects X-rays reflected from an assembly of eight mirrors.

X-ray telescopes allow us to image matter

Imagine making the surface of the Earth so smooth that the highest mountain was less than two meters (78 inches) tall! X-ray images: ang. resolution < 0.5 arcsec over The data is then transmitted to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and then to Operations Control at the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in Cambridge, MA for processing and analysis by scientists.

Since the size of the gold grating bars is smaller that a wavelength of visible light, special fabrication techniques are required to make them. The alignment of the mirrors from one end of the mirror assembly to the other (2.7 meters or 9 feet) is accurate to 1.3 micrometers (50 millionths of an inch) or about one fiftieth the width of a human hair! After the telescope was calibrated, it was flown to TRW (now NGST) in Redondo Beach, California. The fine gold wires are held by two different support structures, a linear grid with 25.4µm and a coarse triangular mesh with 2 mm spacing. 0.09 - 3 keV. This instrument is especially useful because it can make X-ray images, and at the same time, measure the energy of each incoming X-ray. Likewise, just as bullets ricochet when they hit a wall at a grazing angle, so too will X-rays ricochet off mirrors. spectral resolution of 40-2000 over the energy range When used with the Chandra mirrors, the (HRC)can make images that reveal detail as small as one-half an arc second. This enables the temperature, ionization and chemical composition to be explored. The High Resolution Camera (HRC) is one of two instruments used at the focus of Chandra, where it detects X-rays reflected from an assembly of eight mirrors.

mirrors on Chandra are the largest, most precisely shaped and Ten CCD chips in 2 arrays provide imaging and The momentum unloading thrusters are periodically used to … X-ray photonswould be absorbed by normal mirror surfaces, so mirrors with a low grazing angle are necessary to reflect them. The mirrors on Chandra are the largest, most precisely shaped and aligned, and smoothest mirrors ever constructed. This is equivalent to the ability to read a newspaper at a distance of half a mile. Transmission Grating (LETG): Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 10,000 km x 140,161 km (6,200 x 86,900 miles); 28.5 Chandra is the third of NASA's Great Observatories. the vast clouds of hot gas that stretch millions of light The X-ray position is measured by HRC or ACIS, so that the exact energy can be determined. The focal plane science instruments, ACIS and HRC, are well matched to capture the sharp images formed by the mirrors and to provide information about the incoming X-rays: their number, position, energy and time of arrival.

They are the smoothest and cleanest mirrors ever made. Finally, in 1999 the whole observatory was flown to Cape Canaveral and placed on the space shuttle for its last ride, into space.

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Charged Couple Imaging Spectrometer The successful completion of the high resolution mirror assembly at Eastman Kodak in September 1996, was one of the major accomplishments in the development of Chandra.

aligned, and smoothest mirrors ever constructed. X-ray telescopes must be very different from optical telescopes. Because of their high-energy, X-ray photons penetrate into a mirror in much the same way that bullets slam into a wall. the hot regions of the universe. Space Shuttle on July 23, 1999, is helping scientists to An X-ray telescope is the only way astronomers can observe

A crossed grid of wires detects this electronic signal and allows the position of the original X-ray to be determined with high precision. The

Resolution: Altitude

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