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It was Jan. 27. Web resource: Stanley B. Prusiner's Home Page. By monitoring wind direction, the ventilators evenly distribute the gas throughout the test areas. Then he became a professor and taught at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Subsequently, he started his own lab at the Sydney Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard Medical School. One of Baltimore's most significant contributions was in virology, for his discovery of the protein reverse transcriptase, essential for the reproduction of retroviruses such as HIV. In 2001, Moore and his wife donated $600 million to Caltech, to be used for research and technology. Born in Moga, Punjab , he is the first person who demonstrated that light can travel in bent glass fibres. Karplus earned his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology and was a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Oxford University. Web resource: Lene Vestergaard Hau's Home Page. Hood and his colleagues at Cal Tech created the technological foundation for the sciences of genomics and proteomics by fostering the development of five groundbreaking instruments: the protein sequencer, the protein synthesizer, the DNA synthesizer, the automated DNA sequencer, and the ink-jet DNA synthesizer. His recent research focuses on the molecular understanding of the RNAi machinery and its roles in the cell, as well as on the identification of other triggers and mechanisms used in the recognition of, and response to, chemical information coming from outside the cell. Ogawa won the Japan Prize in 2003 for his contribution to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, which is used to visualize the regions in the living human brain activated by thought, voluntary movements, and other responses to external stimulation. Knoll's work has been pivotal to our understanding of the history of life on earth during the Precambrian period, especially the Ediacaran fauna. Watson greatly expanded the CSHL's level of funding and research, making it into a world-leading research center in molecular biology. Kary B. Mullis is a biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993, along with Michael Smith, for automation of a chemical process known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thomas C. Südhof is a biochemist and professor in the School of Medicine in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University. He used detailed computer simulations, tied to experimental data, to ask how the macromolecular pathway controlling cell motility in bacteria works as an integrated unit. He is a Precambrian paleontologist and biogeochemist. Yamanaka was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with John Gurdon, for their discovery that mature (adult) somatic cells can be converted into stem cells with regenerative properties (pluripotency) similar to those of embryonic stem cells.

Fire (#14 on our list), for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi).

Galieo’s inventions were revolutionary, but some of the theories he discovered because of him, put him in hot water with the church.

He has served as chair of Theoretical Physics at Edinburgh, is a Fellow of the Royal Society, was awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 1984, and became a Fellow of the Institute of Physics in 1991. Discover schools with the programs and courses you’re interested in, and start learning today. During the 1990s, Venter was a main contributor to the Human Genome Project (HGP). map the distribution of the mysterious, ubiquitous dark matter in the universe. Sterols are a major class of biomolecule and critical for life. Previously, he was on the faculty of the University of Washington for 25 years. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation, devoted to achieving this goal. Marks has made important technical contributions across widely diverse areas, such as the spacing of radium inserts to treat prostate cancer, signal display, remote sensing, optical image sampling, optical computers, and the use of fuzzy logic to control the electrical grid (how electricity is delivered today depends crucially on the work of Marks). He has over 300 peer-reviewed journal publications. He discovered electromagnetic spectrum, which further lead to the discovery of Television, Radio and Microwaves.

The Karolinska Institutet lauded Edelman and Porter's work as a major breakthrough, stating: “The impact of Edelman's and Porter's discoveries is explained by the fact that they provided a clear picture of the structure and mode of action of a group of biologically particularly important substances. In 1998, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum.

She made pioneering maps of the large-scale structures of the universe, which led to the discovery of the filamentous galactic superstructure popularly known as the "Great Wall"---the largest known superstructure in the universe.

He is credited with the construction of the world's first yeast artificial chromosome. Ostriker earned his Ph.D. in astrophysics from the University of Chicago and conducted his postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Cambridge.

Steven Weinberg is a theoretical physicist and the Josey Regental Chair in Science at the University of Texas at Austin. Alan Turing was British scientist, who changed the world by inventing the world’s first computer, and giving the allied forces a massive advantage during the war. He believed all human, knowledge, and concepts was based on perception. He has also been honored with numerous other awards, including the James Craig Watson Medal in 2012, the Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal in 2004, and the Henry Norris Russell Prize of the American Astronomical Society in 1980, among others. He has won numerous awards including the Wiley Prize in 2003, the National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology in 2003, and the Meyenburg Prize in 2002 from the German Cancer Research Center.

His current research interests are concerned with the physical properties of molecules of biological interest. He was trained as a biochemist at MIT and a neurobiologist at Harvard Medical School before returning to the UK, where he had a long research career in the fields of nerve growth and cell motility. Johannes Gutenberg, Ferdinand Porsche, and Karl Benz are just a few of the famous engineers, inventors, and scientists who hail from Germany. Biologist, Physician, Philosopher & Artist. Nikola Tesla is known to be one of the greatest scientists of all time, because of his many inventions, and contributions to science. The ISB was established to integrate biology, technology, and computation to create a new approach to the study of biological systems from an integrated or whole-system perspective. While attempting to solve the problems of infection in wounds, he studied some of the works of Louis Pasteur regarding usage of carbolic acid in sewage treatment. Recently, the Hau group succeeded in reducing the light speed---initially to 17 meters per second, and later to almost zero m.p.s.---by optically inducing quantum interference in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Subscribe to Indiatimes and get handpicked updates based on your interests!

Wilson is also famous for his many popular books on evolutionary biology, for his advocacy of environmental causes (specially preserving biodiversity), and for his efforts to advance the secular humanist worldview. Web resource: The Institute for Systems Biology.

Bard is also featured in our article "50 People Who Deserve a Nobel Prize.". Some scientists are enormously influential as popularizers or culture critics or public intellectuals. They were awarded the prize for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell. He then completed his postdoctoral research at the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. “But it’s not what happens.”. Watch the video above to learn more about what’s troubling the researchers—and why they like to study wine grapes in particular. One of the best know of these is the "nonocar," a nanoscale "automobile. Alan Turing was British scientist, who changed the world by inventing the world’s first computer, and giving the allied forces a massive advantage during the war. Powered by Indiatimes Lifestyle Network. He is Professor Emeritus of the Art of Computer Programming (a chair created especially for him), at Stanford University. His major contributions are in elucidating the genetic code. Thus, the Internet depends directly upon Kao's work. Web resource: Simon Conway Morris's Home Page. Q: Last week, the government announced a new strategy for “internationalizing” German science, including setting up “German Science Centers” around the world.

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