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Leave your email to receive our newsletter, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria, Drop your mail and be the first to get fresh news. Female hypergamy is not something that will just disappear from society. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines hypergamy as marriage into an equal or higher caste or social group. And whereas in the past, hypogamous couples —wives with more education than their husbands—were at greater risk of divorce, this is no longer the case. Hypergamy is a social science term used to represent the action of marrying a spouse of a superior caste or social status. Both female and male hypergamy exist, but the female version is the most common. The antonym "hypogamy"[a] refers to the inverse: marrying a person of lower social class or status (colloquially "marrying down"). [15] Traditional marriage practices in which men “marry down” in education do not persist for long once women have the educational advantage.[16]. They have joined the labour force in massive numbers. The male gender is often the one who marries down at most times. What I do believe in is the power that sensual feminine women possess. They now have more education than men. It is the male version of female hypergamy. More detailed message would go here to provide context for the user and how to proceed, Your current web browser is outdated. However, in couples where the woman had the education advantage, random matching predicted that more women would be the higher earner than actually were. Some studies showed that even high-earning and highly educated women still prefer a man above their pay grade. He benefits from the high financial status of the lady he marries. New evidence suggests the answer is no. Also, the idea of a woman finding a man of higher social or economic status to marry was promoted by parents. According to the World Values Survey, younger men and women are far more likely than their elders to believe that hypogamous unions will not “cause problems.”. Leadership. To test this hypothesis, the researchers conducted a simulation by randomly matching couples within the observed educational categories. Today, most people marry their approximate social equals, and in some parts of the world hypergamy has decreased. Learn a new word every day. While hypergamy is the act of marrying up, hypogamy is the act of marrying someone of a lower class than your own. With strong son preference, girls are more likely to be born in families with lower status. "Rational choice and evolutionary psychology as explanations for mate selectivity", "Shift in marriage patterns 'has effect on inequality, "The End of Hypergamy: Global Trends and Implications", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypergamy&oldid=985686474, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 October 2020, at 10:28. Hypogamy: It is the marriage of high caste man with a low caste woman. Accessed 27 Oct. 2020. Studies of mate selection in dozens of countries around the world have found men and women report prioritizing different traits when it comes to choosing a mate, with men tending to prefer women who are young and attractive and women tending to prefer men who are rich, well-educated, ambitious, and attractive. [12], An empirical study examined the mate preferences of subscribers to a computer dating service in Israel that had a highly skewed sex ratio (646 men for 1,000 women). In fact, women with the same or more education than their husbands were more likely to marry up. It is a marriage to a partner of higher social status. They … Copyright © 2020 Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, Inc. All rights reserved. Toxic femininity demystified: Definition, examples, is it a thing? This concept of women marrying up, cited in the Smritis as the Anuloma, was justified as the mechanism to keep the Hindu ideological equivalent of the gene pool from degrading. This is called educational hypergamy. Siow (1998) discusses the e⁄ect of gender di⁄erence in fecundity on the spousal age gap. Although the data doesn’t include a generational breakdown, it’s likely that the numbers are higher for younger cohorts. [5] A connection in an urban area creates a broader social horizon for the bride's family, and young children in the family can be sent to live with the couple in the city for better schooling. What do you think of hypergamy? Some research supports that theory,[9] including a 2012 analysis of a survey of 8,953 people in 37 countries, which found that the more gender-equal a country, the likelier male and female respondents were to report seeking the same qualities as each other rather than different ones. [19], Practice of a person marrying a spouse of higher caste or social status than theirs, Not to be confused with the botanical term ", "What is hypergamy and are some people prone to it? If the Swedes are any indication, couples are blase’ about gender equality, but not about hypergamy. [17][18][15], Though in a 2016 paper that explored the income difference between couples in 1980 and 2012, researcher Yue Qian noted that the tendency for women to marry men with higher incomes than themselves still persists in the modern era. Send us feedback. Couples with similar education levels, and those with a more highly-educated male partner, actually had more equal incomes than would be predicted if couples were matched randomly. [citation needed], Social learning theorists, however, say women value men with high earning capacity because women's own ability to earn is constrained by their disadvantaged status in a male-dominated society. On several dimensions, status was consistent with education levels: the partner with higher education (male or female) also had higher occupational prestige and social class. The concept of marrying up in India is prevalent due to caste-based class stratification. The women from the higher castes were not allowed to marry men from lower castes. [14], Another study has shown that in the UK, hypergamy has decreased significantly since the 1950s. Image: canva.com (modified by author)Source: UGC. Hypergamy com… This concept of women marrying up, cited in the Smritis as the Anuloma, was justified as the mechanism to keep the Hindu ideological equivalent of the gene pool from degrading. What is hypergamous marriage? Hypergamy (marrying a bride of a lower caste) was allowed for the top three castes. Kay S. Hymowitz is the William E. Simon Fellow at the Manhattan Institute and contributing editor at City Journal. Forms of hypergamy have been practiced throughout history, including in the Indian subcontinent, imperial China, ancient Greece, the Ottoman Empire, and feudal Europe. See also marriage systems. Young migrant men will suffer all the more because of a preference among Chinese women for marrying men with more money or education (a practice known as, Post the Definition of hypergamy to Facebook, Share the Definition of hypergamy on Twitter, How to Use Word Division Dots and Syllable Hyphens. Marriages in rural India are increasingly examples of hypergamy. This piece originally appeared at Institute for Family Studies. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Which of the following is a fruit named after a Moroccan seaport. This type of marriage enables the partner who marries up to raise his or her position in society. A key consequence of the trade-off faced by women is that marriage markets will naturally tend to be hypergamous – that is, a marriage is more likely to be beneficial to both parties relative to remaining single, the greater the man’s human capital, and the lower the woman’s human capital. Using Swedish register data for people born across several decades, the two authors, Margarita Chudnovskayaof Stockholm University and Ridi Kasrup of Oxford, divided couples into three groups: 1) couples where a woman is more highly educated than her husband, 2) those in which the husband is more highly educated, and 3) couples where both partners are highly educated. [10] However, Townsend (1989) surveyed medical students regarding their perception of how the availability of marriage partners changed as their educational careers advanced. In one of the most widely-cited papers on the subject, demographer Yue Qian compared couples in the 1980 Census and in 2012 American Community Survey. But hypergamy turns out to be a stubborn thing. Studies of mate selection in dozens of countries around the world have found men and women report prioritizing different traits when it comes to choosing a mate, with men tending to prefer women who are young and attractive and women tending to prefer men who are rich, well-educated, ambitious, and attractive. [5] A connection in an urban area creates a broader social horizon for the bride's family, and young children in the family can be sent to live with the couple in the city for better schooling. Hypergamy—the tendency of women to try to marry “up”—was, in part, a natural response to this dependency. Do you prefer it to hypogamy? When women work outside the home and share breadwinning duties, couples are more likely to stay together. -. What is female hypergamy? The partner marrying up has more advantages because most family necessities are taken care of by the other partner. Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about hypergamy. Most men do not mind marrying down, as the "breadwinner" idea is largely ingrained in males by society as they grow up. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'hypergamy.' Definition of hypergamy. This type of marriage has benefits for both partners. However, the tendency for women to marry men with higher incomes than themselves still persisted. Today, most people marry their approximate social equals, and in some parts of the world hypergamy has decreased. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Are you interested in supporting the Manhattan Institute’s public-interest research and journalism? They now have more education than men. But it’s also possible that women, being the ones who bear and nurse the children, will continue to prefer men who earn at least as much as they do. This definition is based on several factors, such as education and wealth, among others.

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