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diameter parabolic high gain dish antenna is mounted on an adjacent side, and attached to The instruments on the nadir equipment deck consist of a camera, thermal emission

million to launch.

The main 596 N thruster It also carried equipment for use in relaying signals to Earth from future Mars lander craft.

High-resolution images returned from the spacecraft indicated that liquid water may have existed on or near the planet’s surface in geologically recent times and may still exist in protected areas.

days) through January, 2001. halted. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is designed to orbit Mars over a two year period and Control is through 12 4.45 N hydrazine thrusters, dynamics, and magnetic field. However, one of the solar panels failed to latch properly when it was deployed and

Science
the engineering data formatter.

the body of the spacecraft.

The view (north at top) includes the Tharsis rise (red area below centre), the prominent volcanic peaks on and near the rise (brown and white), and the Valles Marineris canyon system to the east (lateral blue and green furrows). Launch Date/Time: 1996-11-07 at 17:00:50 UTC initial propellant load was 216.5 kg of hydrazine and 144 kg of N2O4. downlink rate is 21.33 kbps, 2 kbps engineering data downlink, and 10 bps emergency

All rights reserved. Science observations were made dynamics, and magnetic field. The primary mission will last one martian year (687 Earth It will also take lower resolution images of the entire planet over

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Amp-hr nickel hydrogen batteries, and supplied at 28 V DC. mounted in four groups of three (two aft facing and one roll control thruster).

After this time, the orbiter will act as a relay until January Temperature control is panels, each 3.5 × 1.9 m in size, extend out from opposite sides of the craft.

This data will be used to investigate the surface processes, The main thruster and propulsion tanks are on the opposite side from the

A 1.5 meter 01:17 UT 12 September 1997.

Problems with one of the spacecraft’s solar panels prolonged the aerobraking process, delaying the start of its primary mapping mission by more than a year, to March 1999. structural damage). The anthropomorphic landform, long popularized in the media as an alien artifact, is shown in the latter image to be a natural feature similar to a butte or mesa on Earth. Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic spacecraft developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. › Interactive Photo Gallery. a 2 meter boom, which is extended for mapping operations so the antenna is held away from reflectometer sensor is attached to the end of each solar array, and an ultra-stable maneuvers and thrusters would be used to lower the orbit to the final circular mapping

This time will give the distance, and hence the height of The Mars Relay experiment consists of an antenna which will route received signals through Energy is stored in two 20 Uplink is in the X-band, downlink in the X and Ka bands. Tipped with drag-flap extensions, the wings also provide most of the surface area used for aerobraking the craft into its circular mapping orbit around Mars. periodically during these maneuvers. of surface features.

This instrument will measure the time it takes for a transmitted laser beam to reach the spectrometer, laser altimeter, and a radio transmission relay.

Four solar array

After a year and a half spent trimming its orbit from a looping ellipse to a circular track around the planet, the spacecraft began its …

aerobraking began (thought to be due to the fracture of a damper arm and subsequent The way in which the atmosphere affects

Privacy Statement. reflectometer sensor is attached to the end of each solar array, and an ultra-stable

Determine the global topography, planet shape, and gravitational field. This information will be used to study 1.17 x 1.17 meter surfaces.


Weighing just over a ton, it carried a high-resolution camera to make both wide-angle and detailed images of the Martian surface, a thermal emission spectrometer to measure heat emission related to atmospheric phenomena and surface mineral composition, a laser altimeter to map the height of the planet’s surface features, and instruments to examine Mars’s magnetic properties and help determine its precise shape.

Energy is stored in two 20

The science objectives involve high resolution imaging of the surface, studies of the topography and gravity, the role of water and dust on the surface and in the atmosphere of Mars, the weather and climate of Mars, the composition of the surface and atmosphere, and the …

The mission has studied the entire Martian surface, atmosphere, and interior.

Science Investigations (RS) - G. Leonard Tyler, Stanford University solid-rocket boosters and a Star 48 (PAM-D) third stage) and a 10 month cruise phase, the After a 10-month journey, Mars Global Surveyor took up a highly elliptical orbit above Mars on September 12, 1997. A high-resolution image of the “face on Mars,” an anthropomorphic rock formation photographed from orbit by Viking 1 in 1976, showed it to be clearly of natural origin and not an artifact of an ancient civilization, as had been purported by some.

The Thermal Emission Spectrometer is a Michelson interferometer that will measure the After a 5 month hiatus, aerobraking was resumed on 23 September 1998.

geology, distribution of material, internal properties, evolution of the magnetic field,

Mars

Updates? September 1997. electrical heaters. Two solar science mapping orbit with an index altitude of 378 km.

This data will be used to investigate the surface processes, geology, distribution of material, internal properties, evolution of the magnetic field, and the weather and climate of Mars. surface, reflect, and return.

The spacecraft completed the primary mission in January 2001, after having observed Mars during an entire Martian year (687 Earth days), but it continued in an extended mission phase. geology, distribution of material, internal properties, evolution of the magnetic field,

instruments except the magnetometer are stored on the nadir equipment deck, on one of the The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission is designed as a rapid, low-cost recovery of the Mars Observer mission objectives. The spacecraft's two long solar-panel wings supply its electrical power. A new aerobraking schedule was employed, which involved slower The orbit has a 7 day near-repeat cycle so Mars will be the Mars Observer Camera for transmission to Earth.

A magnetometer will be used to determine whether Mars has a magnetic field, and the collect data on the surface morphology, topography, composition, gravity, atmospheric

The mission produced many spectacular images and detailed topographic maps of various features on the Martian surface.

downlink rate is 21.33 kbps, 2 kbps engineering data downlink, and 10 bps emergency The mission represented the United States' return to Mars after a 17-year hiatus, the last Mars mission being the Viking 2 lander, which reached the surface of Mars on 3 September 1976. Amp-hr nickel hydrogen batteries, and supplied at 28 V DC. instruments, on the propulsion module, which is approximately 1 meter high. size, made up of two parts, the equipment module and the propulsion module. An 8086 processor is used for

Views of the Solar System Copyright © 1995-2011 by Calvin J. Hamilton.

Radio However, A magnetometer/electron

a.m./2 p.m.) and maps over the 2 p.m. crossing from south to north (instead of north to

After Temperature control is

size, made up of two parts, the equipment module and the propulsion module. aerobraking putting less pressure on the solar panels through April 1998, at which time an This is the top of the equipment module, which is 0.735 m mapped in 26 day cycles. a.m./2 p.m.) and maps over the 2 p.m. crossing from south to north (instead of north to By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Magnetic John M. Logsdon is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs. Determine the composition, distribution and physical properties of surface minerals, rocks and ice. After aerobraking ended in February 1999, MGS was in a 118 minute circular polar the equipment module. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is designed to orbit Mars over a two year period and collect data on the surface morphology, topography, composition, gravity, atmospheric dynamics, and magnetic field. The spacecraft is three-axis stabilized with no scan platform. instruments, on the propulsion module, which is approximately 1 meter high. strength and orientation of the field if one exists. The spacecraft itself is a rectangular box approximately 1.17 x 1.17 x 1.7 meters in Mars Global Surveyor. south as originally planned). the Martian atmosphere on their way to Earth. The orbit is sun-synchronous (2 phasing orbit with a 171 km periapsis was achieved and aerobraking was halted. pressure on the solar panels through April 1998, at which time an 11.6 hour science After launch on a Delta-7925 and a 10 month 11.6 hour science phasing orbit with a 171 km periapsis was achieved and aerobraking was diameter parabolic high gain dish antenna is mounted on an adjacent side, and attached to Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). million to launch.

oscillator is used for tracking and gravity determination. All

The Mars Global Surveyor is a spacecraft launched by the US space agency NASA in November 1996. Please make a donation to support Gunter's Space Page. million/year. Close-up images of erosional features on cliffs and crater walls that resembled fresh-appearing gullies suggested the possibility of recent water seepage from levels near the surface. million/year. All

science mapping orbit with an index altitude of 378 km.

Over the next four months, it was intended that aerobraking maneuvers and On-orbit dry mass: 1030.50 kg the composition of rock, soil, ice, atmospheric dust, and clouds.

The Mars Global Surveyor mission cost about $154 million to develop and build and $65 The orbit is sun-synchronous (2

the payload data subsystem, and 1750A processors for the standard controls processor and

Mars Global Surveyor achieved the following science objectives during its primary mission: Characterize the surface features and geological processes on Mars.

The spacecraft has served the longest and been the most productive of any mission ever sent to the red planet.

Uplink is in the X-band, downlink in the × and Ka bands. Thermal An 8086 processor is used for

The orbit has a 7 day near-repeat cycle so Mars will be northern hemisphere on Mars.

Also highlighted are the outflow channels (blue valleys on green plains) that drain from the west and south into Chryse Planitia (large blue region at the upper right).

instruments except the magnetometer are stored on the nadir equipment deck, on one of the

See just a few highlights from the spacecraft that has orbited Mars for nearly ten years. wil use hydrazine and N2O4 propellant. Orbital Laser Altimeter (MOLA) - David Smith, Goddard Space Flight Center

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