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Craters with abundant rocks on their rims must have dug down deeply enough to excavate bedrock; by measuring the diameters of craters with rocky rims, we could estimate the thickness of the regolith. Among hundreds of other challenges, an uninterrupted communication link for navigation and control would be critical to success. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. JPL has engineered so much of the modern stuff we do in space today. The first probes to reach Earth's nearest neighbor were Russian. (2)  The Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Tex., They didn't know what to do, so they sent me to Goldstone." Luna 2 impacted the surface in 1959, and the moon was photographed from orbit by another Soviet robot later that year. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties. Payload: Surveyor SC-1. In addition to transmitting over 11,000 pictures, it sent information on the bearing strength of the lunar soil, the radar reflectivity, and temperature. COSPAR: 1966-045A. Lunar Science Institute, which is operated by the Universities Space Research Photography from space was still in its infancy. The spacecraft was re-activated in early July and transmitted an additional The Surveyor program had been critical to that accomplishment. As such, it was one of the great successes of NASA's early lunar and interplanetary program. My remembrances are primarily about all the great things that we saw. William Pickering, the director of JPL from 1954 through 1976, recalled in a 1978 Caltech interview that he had some concerns about the television networks' request to carry the landing live on what he thought was to be national coverage: "We finally ended up by agreeing to let them do it, and we kept our fingers crossed and hoped it was going to be all right. Thus, it was decided to discontinue the orbiter portion of Surveyor and have it concentrate solely on the soft-lander. (Lunar Orbiter 3, frame 194-H3)  We were successful and it was just astounding." This panorama was scanned from a photographic print of a hand-assembled mosaic, then digitally reconstructed and cleaned of visual defects by Philip Stooke. It has been suggested that this horizon-glow (HG) is sunlight, Communications But with the successful flight of Ranger 7 in July of 1964, the jinx was broken and a series of detailed pictures of the Moon (showing craters of ever increasing number with ever decreasing size) were sent back to Earth. The successful soft landing in the Ocean of Storms Settling down at a site called Flamsteed in Oceanus Procellarum, Surveyor transport is probably the dominant local transport mechanism of lunar surface This Plane Was About to Crash. But the Surveyor missions were also a boon to lunar science. This had a telemetry connection with Goldstone, a tracking station in the California desert (now part of NASA's Deep Space Network) that would be accommodating the communication needs of the spacecraft during landing. plunging it into frigid cold lasting 14 days, 16 hours and 51 minutes.

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