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Scientists were very excited to learn what was out there in gamma rays. The premier gamma-ray observatory far exceeded expectations CGRO being deployed via space shuttle Atlantis. The Fermi studies have solved some of the puzzles left after the CGRO mission (like showing that supernova remnants really can produce energetic cosmic-ray particles) and have tackled new problems, like the nature of the dark matter that fills the universe. I worked with the program scientists at NASA Headquarters to organize press conferences, support the science teams for each of the 4 instrument to analyze and publish their data, and give many presentations on the mission science at conferences and universities. Blueshift: What were the mission science goals for CGRO? Authors & editors: It showed where positrons were produced in supernovae and pulsars near the center of the Galaxy. It had four main telescopes, and flew for 9 years. The spacecraft and scientific instruments are all in good health, and many significant discoveries have already been made. Trajectory Details. Specific rights apply. by the crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Astrophysical Observatory. Blueshift: What role did you have with the mission? There are still mysteries in the gamma-ray sky, though. The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory helped open up a new window to the cosmos. Credit: NASA. Compton Observatory In Orbit Credit STS-37 Crew, NASA. With enough bursts, they thought, the distribution of GRBs would concentrate in certain regions, such as the galactic plane. NASA/ In both cases, a new black hole is formed. What are you still hoping to discover? At the debate, scientists were given a set of badges so that they could display which side of the debate they were on – galactic, cosmological or other. Compton LHEA at In an unscheduled space walk, astronauts Jay Apt and Jerry Ross were able to pull on the antenna with sufficient force to free it and the observatory was successfully deployed. Compton, at 17 tons, was the heaviest astrophysical payload ever flown at the time of its launch on April 5, 1991 aboard the space shuttle Atlantis. Robert Nemiroff The spacecraft is seen to start tumbling as it plunges into the atmosphere. 1st Compton Symposium: Neil Gehrels, Martin Rees, Don Clayton, Jerry Fishman, Chip Meegan, John HorackCredit: NASA. Astronaut Jerry Ross during the first EVA; CGRO in the background. legacy of discovery It was a thrill to oversee the science of the mission and the science teams. At 17 tons, it was the heaviest scientific payload flown. In this paper the highlights of this first observation period of COMPTON are presented. The first was the finding by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) that the mysterious gamma-ray bursts were coming uniformly from all directions in the sky, implying that they were probably from very distant sources. The Arthur Holly Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (Compton) is the second in NASA's series of Great Observatories. Examples of early discoveries by Compton are enumerated, including the discovery that gamma-ray bursts are isotropic but spatially inhomogeneous in their distribution; the discovery of a new class of high-energy extragalactic gamma-ray sources, the gamma-ray AGNs; the discovery of emission from SN 1987A in the nuclear line of ^57^Co; and the mapping of emission from 26^A1^ in the ISM near the Galactic center. Two days later, the observatory was set for deployment from the shuttle payload bay when the high-gain antenna became stuck. In an … Dr. Neil Gehrels was the Project Scientist for CGRO, and Dr. David Thompson was involved with the satellite’s EGRET instrument. Instead, BATSE showed that gamma-ray bursts occur all over the sky and their distribution bears no sign of the galaxy’s underlying structure. The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was the second of NASA's Great Observatories. David Thompson (right) and fellow CGRO scientist Robert Hartman reviewing some 1993 EGRET results in the EGRET data analysis room at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. | The COMPTEL map was of a gamma-ray line from the decay of the isotope 26-Al produced in supernova explosions. (or is it just me...), Smithsonian Privacy A service of: And then there is the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), which also just passed the 25th anniversary of its launch. Two other amazing results were the beautiful maps of radioactivity in the Milky Way by COMPEL and antimatter from the center of the Milky Way by OSSE. The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory is a space telescope designed to receive gamma rays, very high-energy and short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation produced from subatomic particle interactions, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. When CGRO launched, most astronomers thought gamma-ray bursts were related to dense neutron stars in our galaxy. CGRO was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-37) on April 5, 1991. CGRO was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-37) on April 5, 1991. Fermi scientists are still working on that last one, having ruled out some possibilities but not yet finding the answer. Compton's release 10 times more than were previously known; and The Chandra X-ray Observatory, launched in 1999 by the Space Shuttle Columbia, is still looking at X-rays. Swift has observed gamma-ray bursts in great detail and learned that they are caused by both exploding stars and merging neutron stars. Astrophysics Science Division Blueshift: What do you consider to be the most exciting or important discovery that came from CGRO? This is a summary from the pre-launch NASA Facts document. was deployed in low earth orbit. (MTU) & After a long and active career in space, CGRO ultimately lost a gyro, and the telescope was deliberately and safely de-orbited. This was compelling evidence GRBs were exploding in distant galaxies, an interpretation later shown to be correct.Credits: NASA/BATSE Team. NSSDCA ID: 1991-027B. Following 14 years of effort, the observatory was launched from Space Shuttle Atlantis during STS-37 on April 5, 1991, and … Launched on 1991 April 5, Compton represents a dramatic increase in capability over previous gamma- ray missions. Trajectory Description. It featured four main telescopes in one spacecraft, covering X-rays and gamma rays, including various specialized sub-instruments and detectors. Compton had four instruments that covered an unprecedented six decades of the … Jay Norris.

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