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The Court maintained that the "totality of the circumstances" approach, which Congress sought to implement, risked individual … (stating that the English courts excluded confessions obtained by threats and promises); King v. Warickshall, 1 Leach 262, 263–264, 168 Eng. Id., at 433, n. 20.

The due process test takes into consideration "the totality of all the surrounding circumstances— both the characteristics of the accused and the details of the interrogation." Before trial, Dickerson moved to suppress a statement he had made at a Federal Bureau of Investigation field office, on the grounds that he had not received "Miranda warnings" before being interrogated. There is no special justification suggesting that the Court avoid following the well-established precedent of Miranda.
Rep. 267 (Ct. Crim. Rep. 234, 235 (K. B.

Justice Scalia wrote: In Dickerson v. United States, the Supreme Court asserted its authority over constitutional questions, reaffirming the role of Miranda v. Arizona in police practice. However, a review of our opinion in Miranda clarifies that this disclaimer was intended to indicate that the Constitution does not require police to administer the particular Miranda warnings, not that the Constitution does not require a procedure that is effective in securing Fifth Amendment rights. See Thompson v. Keohane, 516 U.S. 99 (1995); Withrow, supra, at 690–695. We have never abandoned this due process jurisprudence, and thus continue to exclude confessions that were obtained involuntarily.
Smith v. Phillips, 455 U.S. 209, 221 (1982) ("Federal courts hold no supervisory authority over state judicial proceedings and may intervene only to correct wrongs of constitutional dimension"); Cicenia v. Lagay, 357 U.S. 504, 508–509 (1958). Although the Miranda rule can result in a guilty person going free, the rule is far easier for police to apply routinely and consistently compared to the vague voluntariness standard of Section 3501. Id., at 455.

See, e.g., City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507, 517–521 (1997).

. Section 3501 therefore cannot be sustained if Miranda is to remain the law. Ibid. fundamental with respect to the Fifth Amendment privilege and not simply a preliminary ritual to existing methods of interrogation"), 479 ("The whole thrust of our foregoing discussion demonstrates that the Constitution has prescribed the rights of the individual when confronted with the power of government when it provided in the Fifth Amendment that an individual cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself"), 481, n. 52 (stating that the Court dealt with "constitutional standards in relation to statements made"), 490 ("[T]he issues presented are of constitutional dimensions and must be determined by the courts"), 489 (stating that the Miranda Court was dealing "with rights grounded in a specific requirement of the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution"). Those to whom judicial decisions are an unconnected series of judgments that produce either favored or disfavored results will doubtless … The determination "depend[s] upon a weighing of the circumstances of pressure against the power of resistance of the person confessing." . v. Varsity Brands, Inc. Petitioner, prior to his criminal trial, moved to suppress a statement he made because he was never given his, The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed.

Prior to trial, he moved to suppress a statement he made to the FBI.

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