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It marks the junction of the posterior surface of the neck with the shaft of the femur. Clinicians may also want to entertain fractures of the neck of the femur or primary knee pathologies as possible differential diagnoses. The neck has two borders and two surfaces. Gluteus minimus bursa lies deep to the upper horizontal fibers of the adductor magnus. It is about 15 degrees.

Anterior cruciate ligament – posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle. Retrieved from https://radiopaedia.org/articles/line-of-klein, Anatomy of the knee joint (sagittal view) - Paul Kim, Branches of the femoral artery (anterior view) - Rebecca Betts. Two bones are connected by interosseous membrane which is also sometimes called middle tibiofibular joint. It features the following landmarks: The medial condyle is the medial knee joint surface of the femur, which has an articular surface and a medial epicondyle. The shaft is relatively wide at the proximal end but becomes progressively narrow toward the middle. The popliteal artery lies upon the popliteal surface. Attached to the free edges of the acetabular labrum. The lower end is supplied by genicular arteries and anastomosis around the knee. Blends with the fibers of the tendon of rectus femoris anteriorly. Fibular hemimelia is rare and expression may […], fracture shaft of femur is referred to the fracture of the diaphysis of femur. In upper one-third of the shaft, he two lips of the Linea aspera diverge wide to form an additional posterior surface and four borders (medial, lateral, spiral line and the lateral hip of the gluteal tuberosity) and 4 surfaces (anterior, medial, lateral and posterior). 2020

The smooth convexity of the femoral head is disrupted on the posteroinferior surface by a depression known as the fovea for the ligament of the head (fovea capitis femoris).

The spiral line winds around the shaft below the lesser trochanter to reach the posterior surface of the shaft. The larger, lateral part of the head is supplied by lateral epiphyseal arteries which are derived from the retinacular branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery.
The head is directed medially. This disorder can be further classified based on the morphology of the bones involved. The medial epicondyle is situated below and anterior to the adductor tubercle. Also known as the Y ligament of Bigelow and the ligament of Bertin. It is commonly known as the thigh bone (femur is Latin for thigh) and reaches from the hip to the knee. Ossification of the lower end of the femur is of medicolegal importance. The convex anterior surface is bound by medial and lateral rounded borders. • There are three muscles that arise from the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. It is also located within the joint capsule and is covered by a synovial membrane. The neck of the femur is generally minimal or absent in the most primitive forms, reflecting a simple attachment to the acetabulum. The rounded elevation, a little above its middle is called the quadrate tubercle. The femoral shaft is a cylindrical structure with significant variability from one individual to another. The distal end of the femur has a rich blood supply arising from the popliteal vessels and the deep perforators. Register now The primary center for the shaft appears in the 7 weeks of intrauterine life. However, the posterior surface is more rugged as it facilitates attachments of the large muscles of the thigh. This disorder is more commonly encountered in pre-adolescent to adolescent males but can also be seen in females.

Tibial collateral ligament of the knee – medial epicondyle, Hamstring part of the adductor magnus – adductor tubercle. Proximal extremity of femur The proximal extremity (or proximal end, or epiphysis) is the upper end of the femur, which articulates with the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. The concern is that reducing the epiphysis to its original state may disrupt the delicate arterial anastomosis, leading to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Anteriorly, the condyles articulate with patella and this articulation extends more on the lateral condyle than on the medial.

The caudal aspect of the surface forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa. It is called the lesser trochanter. The femur bone is the strongest and longest bone in the body, occupying the space of the lower limb, between the hip and knee joints. The femoral head presents with a depression called the fovea of the head of the femur.

The relationship of the femur with its proximal and distal articulations is rather unique. The anterior surface is rough in its lateral part.

Following structures attach to the intertrochanteric line, Following video summarizes the femoral bone. articular surface of the lateral condyle.

Posteriorly, the oblique popliteal ligament (which is a continuation of the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle) supports the joint capsule. ( 135 degrees), Coxa vara is a condition where the neck-shaft angle is less than normal (120 degrees). Arising from the medial tibial eminence and inserting posteromedially on the medial wall of the lateral condyle. In primitive tetrapods, the main points of muscle attachment along the femur are the internal trochanter and third trochanter, and a ridge along the ventral surface of the femoral shaft referred to as the adductor crest. There are two lines that connect the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior and posterior aspect of the proximal femur. It presents several landmarks, including: The head of the femur is the most upper part of the thigh bone. The cylindrical shaft is convex forwards. There is a posterolateral surface which is limited anteriorly by the lateral border and posteriorly by the linea aspera. The upper border, concave and horizontal, meets the shaft at the greater trochanter. Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment. Tibial articulation surface over the lateral condyle is short and straight anteroposteriorly whereas the part over the medial condyle is longer and is convex medially. It is associated with a small conical protuberance known as the adductor tubercle, which provides a point of attachment for the large adductor magnus (powerful medial thigh muscle that moves the thigh medially). It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. Medial condyle is convex medially. The neck itself is anteverted (rotated laterally) at a variable angle between 10 – 15o (angle of torsion). about Shoulder Dislocation Presentation and Treatment, Shin Splints or Medial tibial stress syndrome, Shoulder Dislocation Presentation and Treatment, The gluteus minimus is inserted into the rough lateral part of the anterior surface, The obturator internus and the two gemelli are inserted into the upper rough impression on the medial surface, The obturator externus is inserted into the trochanteric fossa. The femoral shaft receives its blood supply from nutrient arteries arising from the deep femoral artery.
The great trochanter is roughly quadrangular and extends from the superior aspect of the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur. Below it lies the popliteal groove with a deeper anterior part and a shallower posterior part. The linea aspera then diverges toward the distal third of the femur where the medial and lateral lips become continuous with their respective ipsilateral supracondylar line (medial and lateral supracondylar lines). Intercondylar fossa or notch separates the lower and posterior parts of the two condyles. It causes anteromedial bowing of tibia. The fovea on the head of the femur provides attachment to the ligament of the head (round ligament, or ligamentum teres).

The most pronounced part of the posterior surface is the linea aspera.

Head articulates with acetabulum to form a hip joint.

It is not intracapsular in its lower lateral part. The lateral surface is crossed by an oblique ridge directed downwards and forwards. Both femurs naturally converge towards the knee. Medial head of the gastrocnemius extends to the popliteal surface just above the medial condyle.

It acts as the point of attachment for the pectineus muscle. This set constitutes the main supply and damage to it results in necrosis of the head of the following fractures of the neck of the femur. The latter results from the fact that the affected limb may no longer be in the anatomical position as the injury may have caused rotational deformity or dislocation of the bone. Adductor tubercle is a projection posterosuperior to the epicondyle which serves as an important landmark. You can follow him on Facebook, Linkedin and Twitter, Your email address will not be published. The inferior margin is more oblique in orientation and projects posteroinferiorly and laterally toward the lesser trochanter.

The pectineal line gives attachment to the pectineus muscle. The tendons of sartorius and gracilis muscles also pass over (but have no attachments) to the medial condyle of the femur. This feature contributes to the difference in gait between the two sexes.

The greater trochanter is a large quadrangular prominence located at the upper part of the junction of the neck with the shaft. While the apex and anterior aspect of the lesser trochanter are course to touch, the bony projection is smooth elsewhere. Please see the table below that summarizes the ligaments associated with each joint.

It also bears a prominent point called the medial epicondyle. The shaft (also diaphysis or body) of the femur is the extended middle portion of the bone, and it features the following landmarks: The linea aspera (from Latin meaning "rough line") is a rough double line on the posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur. This joint is further reinforced by the pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments anteriorly, and the complex ischiofemoral ligament posteriorly. It also provides attachment for the tendon of adductor magnus muscle as well as the tibial collateral ligament (supporting structure connecting the tibia to the femur). The intracapsular neck is supplied by the retinacular arteries derived chiefly from the trochanteric anastomosis. However, extreme variation of the angle of inclination could change this relationship and increase the amount of stress across the neck of the femur. After epiphyseal fusion, the lateral epiphyseal arteries anastomose freely with the metaphyseal arteries. Thus this part of the shaft has four borders (medial, lateral, supracondylar line and lateral supracondylar line) 4 surfaces (anterior, medial, lateral and popliteal). It is also used in many other procedures like gastroendoscopy, vascular surgery, neurosurgery etc. Find out more about the anatomy of the hip and knee joints using the following study units: The patella articulates with the patellar surface of the distal femur. Medial and lateral intermuscular septa are attached to the lips of the linea aspera and to the supracondylar line. Anteriorly, the notch is limited by the patellar articular surface. The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. Motion preservation surgeries are […], Tibiofibular joints are articulations between tibia and fibula. When the knee is flexed, the tendon of this muscle lies in the shallow posterior part of the grove. The upper end of the femur includes the head, the neck, the greater trochanter, the lesser trochanter, the intertrochanteric line, and the intertrochanteric crest. On the other hand, if there is an overgrowth of the acetabulum such that it hits the head of the femur during movement, then it is known as a pincer deformity. Two faint grooves separate the patellar articulation surface from tibial surfaces. Required fields are marked *, By using this form you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. Read more about fracture shaft of femur, Congenital trigger thumb or pediatric trigger thumb as it is called now is a condition that results in abnormal flexion at the interphalangeal joint. The femur has two important points of articulation that provide structural support for the body: the hip joint proximally; and the knee joint distally. This groove is limited anteriorly by the patellar surface and posteriorly by the intercondylar line.

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