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4]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. At a characteristic soil moisture, the maximum ET is reached, so that further increases in soil moisture do not further increase ET: this is the critical soil moisture (CSM). AMSR measures passive microwaves in six channels, with a minimum frequency in C band (6.925 GHz).

2) are excluded from the anomaly correlation analysis because the variability of the anomalies in the ground measurements was smaller than the noise level of the ground data. 2: Parameter estimation and model demonstration.

For ease of comparison, model soil moisture is not plotted where satellite data are not available. Reasonable agreement between satellite and model soil moisture can only be expected if both datasets are at least somewhat skillful. Union, 83 (Fall Meeting Suppl. 7). Therefore, only analyses using the same soil moisture product can make use of our absolute derived CSM values, while all other studies should rather use it in a relative sense: 21 Vol‐% is drier than 85% of the European grid cell seasonal mean soil moistures. This produces a soil moisture dataset similar to the many model-based soil moisture datasets that can be found in the literature (e.g., Mintz and Serafini 1992; Nijssen et al. (2003) find that their soil water index agrees reasonably well with modeled soil moisture in tropical and temperate climates. Receive news and offers from our other brands?

SMAP’s lightweight mesh reflector rotates once every four seconds, gathering signals for the satellite’s onboard radar and radiometer instruments. Land models have an inherent assumption of the above‐mentioned water‐ and energy‐controlled evaporative regimes and of the transition between them, as marked by the CSM (Arora, 2002; Pitman, 2003; Sellers et al., 1997). Figure 4 shows that the strongest anomaly correlations are again found in North America, India, Australia, and central Eurasia, with some positive correlations also present in southern Africa and Patagonia. Important corrections using monthly mean observations were applied to the ERA-15 precipitation, radiation, temperature, and humidity data (Berg et al.

Search for other works by this author on: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and Hydrological Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Five variables are implemented in the models: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), daytime land surface temperature (LST), nighttime LST, daily average LST, and diurnal LST (ΔLST), and different combinations of these five variables are examined. Therefore, ET can potentially impact weather and climate, especially during extreme events such as droughts and heat waves (Guillod et al., 2015; Hirschi et al., 2011; Koster et al., 2016, 2004; Taylor et al., 2012). Nevertheless, the close relationship between the bias in soil moisture and vegetation parameters suggests that at least some of the bias can be attributed to the SMMR retrieval algorithm. (2018) determine the CSM over the contiguous United States by assessing the characteristics of dry‐downs from satellite surface soil moisture from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Soil Moisture Active Passive mission during three consecutive summers only. A. Berg, 2004: Global Soil Moisture from Satellite Observations, Land Surface Models, and Ground Data: Implications for Data Assimilation. Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Nonlinear The ribbon is narrowest between approximately 20 and 30 Vol‐%, as the majority of the data points have soil moisture contents in that range, as can be seen by the density of the points. Correlation coefficients that are not different from zero at 5% significance are plotted black. For this purpose, we introduce a new correlation‐difference metric with which the CSM can be accurately inferred using multiple data streams.

Consistently from both analyses we find that soil texture, climate conditions, and vegetation characteristics are influencing the CSM, with similar respective importance. 4) in the map projection used here. 9 in Koster et al. We introduce a novel metric to infer energy‐ or water‐limited conditions, which does not rely on prior assumptions on the relationship between soil moisture and EF and uses observation‐based data sets, which describe water and energy availability and vegetation functioning. However, the range of CSMs across soil and vegetation types is substantial: Teuling, Uijlenhoet, et al. Geophysics, Mathematical The seasonal variability in representativeness of surface soil moisture for the root‐zone can possibly impact the linear model which is used for the estimation of the local CSM in Figure 5, as these linear models are based on maximally 24 data points. Gauge density is greatest over North America and Europe, suggesting that soil moisture from the land model is likely most accurate there. Our image of the day. In contrast, comparable CSMs are found when applying alternative large‐scale energy and vegetation data sets, highlighting the robustness of our results. Regional Frequency Analysis at Ungauged Sites with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. Evapotranspiration (hereafter referred to as ET) is a crucial variable in land‐atmosphere interactions, since it affects the carbon, energy, and water balances. At each location, however, the statistics are based on different months of data depending on data availability, and therefore should not be interpreted as an estimate of the annual mean or variability. 3), (ii) sensitivity of evaporation to soil moisture (so that a soil moisture anomaly can induce an evaporation anomaly), and (iii) sensitivity of precipitation to evaporation (so that an evaporation anomaly can induce a precipitation anomaly).

While correlations are strong in the U.S. Great Plains, there appears to be no agreement between SMMR and Catchment model soil moisture to the east of the Great Plains. Receive mail from us on behalf of our trusted partners or sponsors? Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Our objective is to ensure a fair comparison between the different data types (satellite, model, and ground data). An important result from Fig. And crop consists of all cropland land cover types. The largest part of ET is accounted for by plant transpiration (Good et al., 2015; Lawrence et al., 2007; Schlesinger & Jasechko, 2014), associated with photosynthetic activity.

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