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This is the cost of all the hardware combined, plus the operational expenditures, plus margins. The National Research Council recently reported that U.S. and Russian systems on ISS demonstrate rates of hardware failures that would be unsustainable on a Mars mission. The most critical element needed for a trip to Mars is also the most expensive. Transportation costs alone could total over $100 billion before the first Mars mission in 2035. The updated numbers could show higher development or construction cost than the current estimates.

In any case, there are some good reasons that India can do it cheaper than the U.S., says David Alexander, director of the Rice Space Institute.

These figures include SLS and Orion project costs plus their share of NASA fixed cost overhead. US$ 2,300 million for all remaining outpost hardware and supplies before the human mission US$ 1,250 million for sending the first crew to Mars A ballpark cost of the first Mars mission in 2035 would total … The cost could also increase if more components than accounted for fail and need to be replaced. It's a first try at a very complex mission, one that is orders of magnitude more difficult than India's Chandrayaan-1 probe to the moon five years ago. Newest NASA estimates, Mars mission will cost just about one billion dollar or more. One attractive option could be to aim for a lunar base on an incremental go-as-you-can-pay basis, supported by international partners and using efficient commercial procurement methods. The cost of Curiosity was about $2.5 billion in 2015. At the moment, Mars One’s funding is being used to award new contracts to established aerospace companies for conceptual design studies, to organize round three of the Astronaut Selection Program, and to build a core team of experienced professionals to work on the first unmanned Mars mission and the astronaut selection process. The overall cost of a Mars mission must also include SLS and Orion, $5 billion before 2010, plus $4 billion for each of the past five years, plus a likely $4 billion a year for at least 20 years leading to a first trip in 2035, assuming that date holds. For more information, also read Current mission status. "I think labor is the biggest factor, as well as the complexity of the mission," Alexander tells NPR. SpaceX founder Elon Musk, who has said he wants to send humans to Mars in the early 2020s, put the cost at $10 billion per person in 2016. While it's difficult to make direct comparisons, a blog that covers the aerospace industry in India indicates that the higher end of the scale for engineers there is less than $20,000. There are also opportunities to lower the mission cost, for example if larger, more economical launchers become available. "I think the hope is that even if it fails, they are going to learn something.". US$ 582 million for operations, including astronaut selection and training Participation by international partners could help a great deal. Those engineers cost much less in India than they do in the U.S.

The objective would be to explore, occupy and exploit resources of the moon, with resupply and rescue only four days away. And as Reuters points out, a successful Indian mission will have the effect of "positioning the emerging Asian giant as a budget player in the latest global space race. Incredibly, NASA still does not have a feasible mission design or a credible overall cost estimate for the first human trip to Mars. The overall total for pioneering Mars could easily grow beyond $2 trillion.

Arun Sankar K/AP Ever since NASA successfully accomplished the seemingly impossible task of landing humans on the moon, space leaders have set Mars as a goal.

This extraordinary vehicle could rightly be called a Traveling Space Station, or TSS.

Total cost of the ISS was about $100 billion in 2015 dollars, including contributions from international partners, but excluding shuttle, Soyuz and other transportation costs. Transportation costs alone could total over $100 billion before the first Mars mission in 2035. In 2015 dollars, the Apollo era budget would have been equivalent to each American paying over $200 a year to the space administration. ", (Arunan's comments may have been directed partly at the critics of India's space program, who The Washington Post says "wonder why the country is spending $74 million on interplanetary travel while millions of its people remain poor and malnourished."). Alexander says it appears that India's main goal is just getting to Mars, and so the probe is carrying "relatively simple" and therefore not-so-expensive instrumentation, he says. Thus a ballpark total cost for one TSS could be at least 30 percent greater than the ISS, bringing the cost of the first single TSS to about $130 billion. NASA’s annual budget would need to be increased gradually to about $54 billion (in 2015 dollars) per year for the first trip to Mars and to continue at that level to support one mission per three years.

China's 2011 attempt with Russia to send the Yinghuo-1 probe fizzled when the Russian rocket failed to leave Earth orbit. The most applicable cost analog for a TSS is the existing ISS, which was built in sections and assembled over a period of 20 years. The Associated Press notes that no country has reached Mars on the first try. Mars missions have a history of failure. US$ 450 million for the first unmanned Mars lander mission US$ 93 million for ground stations and other costs What is Mars One’s mission budget? This 6 billion US$ estimate is much lower than quotes provided by governmental studies. Every piece of equipment except the crew capsule would be expended on each mission. It must filter out particulates and microorganisms, provide thermal control with external cooling loops and pumps, and distribute air. Five years later, NASA is projecting success and spending nearly all its $4 billion annual budget for human space exploration on the Space Launch System and Orion capsule, supposedly built for Mars trips. The biggest concern in Living on Mars is the phenomenal cost connected with it. If for some reason we decide not to send astronauts to Mars in the next 30 to 50 years, SLS and Orion become a very low priority for operations in cislunar space, particularly when it is known that currently available commercial launchers (Delta 4 Heavy versions and Falcon 9 Heavy, available starting in about a year) and commercial capsules can perform functions equivalent to SLS/Orion for less than one-half the cost. The NASA administrator recently was quoted as advocating a crew-tended base on Mars (“pioneering”) extending indefinitely into the future. Mars One's business case projection supports at least double the budget.

", Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), We Insist: A Timeline Of Protest Music In 2020, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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