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[34], Venus has an extended ionosphere located at altitudes 120–300 km. Hence, Venus’s atmosphere is in total less than Earth’s. “This could be unknown photochemistry or geochemistry, or possible life,” the study says. The atmosphere of Venus is the layer of gases surrounding Venus. If Venus is Earth’s twin planet, why is its [35][36] The main ionic species in the v1 and v2 layers is O2+ ion, whereas the v3 layer consists of O+ ions. The cloud cover is such that typical surface light levels are similar to a partly cloudy day on Earth, around 5000–10000 lux. [27], Odd structures known as polar vortices lie within the cold polar collars. Atmosphere and Weather:  Venus has a thick atmosphere made up almost entirely of carbon dioxide. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. Creatures known as extremophiles exist on Earth, preferring extreme habitats. It is the most active part of the Venusian magnetosphere. [75] This longer timescale for the persistence of oceans is also supported by GCM simulations incorporating the thermal effects of clouds on an evolving Venusian hydrosphere. [3] A connection may exist between the cold collars and high-speed midlatitude jets in which winds blow as fast as 140 m/s. [20] The ionospheric plasma is observed to be in motion; solar photoionization on the dayside and ion recombination on the nightside are the processes mainly responsible for accelerating the plasma to the observed velocities. Thus, its equilibrium temperature However, the lower temperature of the cloud tops means that life could plausibly exist there, the same way that bacteria have been found living and reproducing in clouds on Earth. [3][2] The thermosphere is also characterized by strong circulation, but very different in its nature—the gases heated and partially ionized by sunlight in the sunlit hemisphere migrate to the dark hemisphere where they recombine and downwell. This ionized layer excludes the solar magnetic field, giving Venus a distinct magnetic environment. Using quantitative astronomical spectroscopy, scientists were able to analyze sunlight that passed through the planet's atmosphere to reveal chemicals within it. Temperatures on Venus remain consistent over time. [3][2] The temperature of this layer—230 K (−43 °C)—is far higher than the typical temperature found in the nightside thermosphere—100 K (−173 °C). About Us, Seasonal Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), The Top 101 Astronomical Events to Watch for in 2015. a mission to Venus’ atmosphere using airships. [63][64] The existence of this "unknown UV absorber" prompted Carl Sagan to publish an article in 1963 proposing the hypothesis of microorganisms in the upper atmosphere as the agent absorbing the UV light. [96][97][98], The High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC) is a NASA concept for a manned exploration of Venus. 11:15 How small would Earth be as a black hole? The atmosphere is constantly churned by hurricane force winds reaching 360 kph. [6] Above there is an intermediate layer of mesosphere which separates the troposphere from the thermosphere. The acid is strong enough even to dissolve metals and [3], The JAXA probe Akatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter), launched in May 2010, is studying the planet for a period of two years, including the structure and activity of the atmosphere, but it failed to enter Venus orbit in December 2010. [40] These clouds obscure the surface of Venus from optical imaging, and reflect about 75%[41] of the sunlight that falls on them. [1][28], All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection. Marshall, MN 33:45 What will Starship land on? In 1967, Venera 4 confirmed that the atmosphere consisted primarily of carbon dioxide.

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