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[62] The nautilus—considered a living fossil and related to the ammonites, which became extinct at the end of the Mesozoic era—occurs in Pacific waters around New Caledonia. Education in New Caledonia is based on the French curriculum and delivered by both French teachers and French–trained teachers. The New Caledonian languages, whose speakers are called Kanaks, and the dialects of the Loyalty Islands find their closest relatives in the languages of Vanuatu to the east. On the west coast the precipitation is regularly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm). [15] In 1849, the crew of the American ship Cutter was killed and eaten by the Pouma clan. There are no frogs and no venomous land reptiles, although scorpions and centipedes are present. [34] However, their jurisdiction is sharply limited in penal matters, as some matters relating to the customary justice system, including the use of corporal punishment, are seen as clashing with the human rights obligations of France. It is speculated that New Caledonia separated from Australia roughly 66 million years ago, subsequently drifting in a north-easterly direction, reaching its present position about 50 million years ago. [33], For 25 years, the party system in New Caledonia was dominated by the anti-independence The Rally–UMP. As an archipelago, most of New Caledonia’s area exists at sea level. ], New Caledonia's main tertiary education institution is the University of New Caledonia (Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie), which was founded in 1993 and comes under the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation.

France also claims Hunter and Matthew islands, but the claim is disputed by Vanuatu. [79] Others include Iaai (spoken on Ouvéa). [19] This sparked a violent reaction in 1878, when High Chief Atal of La Foa managed to unite many of the central tribes and launched a guerrilla war that killed 200 Frenchmen and 1,000 Kanaks. Sedimentary rocks are limited to a narrow zone extending along much of the west coast inland between the serpentine ranges and the northern schist formations. New Caledonia, French Nouvelle-Calédonie, largest island of the French overseas country of New Caledonia, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean 750 miles (1,200 km) east of Australia. [64][65] The population growth is strong in South Province (2.3% per year between 1989 and 2014), moderate in North Province (1.5%), but almost stable in the Loyalty Islands, which are slowly gaining inhabitants (0.1%). [9] This viewpoint is not universal. the first Grand Slam of the year. The cigar-shaped main island is some 30 miles (50 km) wide and 310 miles (500 km) long. New Caledonia consists of one main island called Grande Terra and a number of surrounding islands and atolls. 225,280. Corrections? It includes the island of New Caledonia (the Grande Terre), where the capital, Noumea, is located; the Loyalty Islands; the Belep Islands; and the Ile des Pins. Pop. The main island is by far the largest of the group and contains about nine-tenths of the population. [30], At the 1996 census, the indigenous Melanesian Kanak community represented 44.6% of the whole population. Voter list eligibility had been a subject of a long dispute, but the details have since been resolved. New Caledonia consists of one main island called Grande Terra and a number of surrounding … [101] Canal Plus Calédonie carries 17 digital channels in French, including Canal+ and TF1. This point is situated along the coastline of New Caledonia on the shore of the Coral Sea.

[52] In its botany not only species but entire genera, families, and even orders are unique to the island, and survive nowhere else. See HAYWARD B.W.

[52] It has the richest diversity in the world per square kilometre.

Natural hazards are posed in New Caledonia by cyclones, which occur most frequently between November and March. Some, such as Neogalaxias, exist only in small areas. Today, while French is the official language, 28 indigenous tongues are still spoken.

These islands form more than 99 percent of the total land area and lie between latitudes 18° and 23° S and longitudes 163° and 169° E. New Caledonia also includes a number of far-flung uninhabited islets: Huon and Surprise islands in the D’Entrecasteaux Reefs, the atolls of the Chesterfield Islands and the Bellona Reefs, Walpole Island, Beautemps-Beaupré Atoll, and Astrolabe Reefs. [31] This dominance ended with the emergence of a new party, Avenir Ensemble, also opposed to independence, but considered more open to dialogue with the Kanak movement,[31] which is part of the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front, a coalition of several pro-independence groups. The island also has numerous Protestant churches, of which the Free Evangelical Church and the Evangelical Church in New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands have the largest number of adherents; their memberships are almost entirely Melanesian. [95], The Mwâ Ka is a 12m totem pole commemorating the French annexation of New Caledonia, and was inaugurated in 2005. "'No More Violence nor War',", Veracini, Lorenzo. . Small islet and submerged reef, New Caledonia. New Caledonia is a country belonging to France. [24], Between 1976 and 1988, conflicts between French government actions and the Kanak independence movement saw periods of serious violence and disorder. [45] The adoption made New Caledonia one of the few countries or territories in the world with two official national flags. New Caledonia, French unique collectivity in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 900 miles (1,500 km) east of Australia. [44] In July 2010, New Caledonia adopted the Kanak flag, alongside the existing French tricolor, as dual official flags of the territory. The toxicity of the mineral-rich soil has helped preserve the endemic vegetation, which has long been adapted to it, from competition from would-be colonizers which find it unsuitable. [7] Of these, 18,353 live in the Loyalty Islands Province, 49,912 in the North Province, and 203,142 in the South Province. [64][65], At the 2014 census,[67] 39.1% of the population reported belonging to the Kanak community (down from 40.3% at the 2009 census[68]), 27.2% to the European (Caldoche and Zoreille) community (down from 29.2% at the 2009 census), and 8.7% declared their community as "Caledonian" and other (up from 6.0% at the 2009 census). [9] The Metropolitan French-born migrants who come to New Caledonia are called Métros or Zoreilles, indicating their origins in metropolitan France.

About 281,645 people currently live in New Caledonia, and though over two-hundred-thousand people sounds like a hefty population, New Caledonia's population accounts for even less than 1% of the global population. These rocks have weathered to form the striking terre rouge (i.e., red soils that overlie the island’s extensive deposits of nickel, chrome, and cobalt ore). [citation needed] Nouméa is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nouméa, Education in New Caledonia is based on the French curriculum and delivered by both French teachers and French–trained teachers. ", Muckle, Adrian. In contrast to the island of New Caledonia, these islands are raised coral plateaus, nowhere rising much higher than 430 feet (130 metres) or so. The lowest point is the Pacific Ocean, with an elevation of 0 m, and the highest is Mont Panie, with an elevation of 1,628 m (5,341 ft). [94] A trend reversal and a recovery in demand have been recorded early in the second half of 2009, allowing a 2.0% increase in the local metal production.[94]. New Caledonia comprises a main island, Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands. New Caledonia's primary experience with blackbirding revolved around a trade from the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) to the Grand Terre for labour in plantation agriculture, mines, as well as guards over convicts and in some public works. [90] The trade deficit in goods and services stood at 3.11 billion US dollars in 2011. [6], New Caledonia has a land area of 18,576 km2 (7,172 sq mi) divided into three provinces. A French Roman Catholic mission was established in 1840, and the island was annexed by France in 1853. Winds bearing northeast to southeast, including trade winds, predominate throughout the year and relieve temperatures in the hot season, which begins in November. The biodiversity is caused by Grande Terre's central mountain range, which has created a variety of niches, landforms and micro-climates where endemic species thrive. Location of New Caledonia on a Map. [94] Thus, the activity of mineral extraction has declined by 8% in volume year on year.[when?

[30] One commune, Poya, is divided between two provinces. It has a total area of 19,060 sq km with land comprising 18,575 sq km and water 485 sq km. The French language began to spread with the establishment of French settlements, and French is now spoken even in the most secluded villages. [31] They are no longer a majority, their proportion of the population having declined due to immigration and other factors. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Caledonia-island-New-Caledonia. New Caledonia also has a national synchronised swimming team, which tours abroad.

It is based in Nouméa and offers a range of vocational, Bachelor, MA, and PhD programmes and courses. The crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus), thought to have gone extinct, was rediscovered in 1994.

[48] The west coast, with its large savannahs and plains suitable for farming, is a drier area. [29], New Caledonia is a territory sui generis to which France has gradually transferred certain powers. The majority of schools are located in Nouméabut some are found in the islands and the north of New Caledonia. [16] The Kanak population declined from around 60,000 in 1878 to 27,100 in 1921, and their numbers did not increase again until the 1930s. [34], The Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, and has jurisdiction over the law proposals concerning the Kanak identity. It served as a waystation in the expansion of the predecessors of the Polynesians, the Lapita culture.

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